Source/WTF/wtf/NeverDestroyed.h

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2013-2019 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE INC. AND ITS CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS''
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE INC. OR ITS CONTRIBUTORS
 * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF
 * THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#pragma once

#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include <wtf/ForbidHeapAllocation.h>
#include <wtf/MainThread.h>
#include <wtf/RefCounted.h>

// NeverDestroyed is a smart-pointer-like class that ensures that the destructor
// for the given object is never called, but doesn't use the heap to allocate it.
// It's useful for static local variables, and can be used like so:
//
// MySharedGlobal& mySharedGlobal()
// {
//   static NeverDestroyed<MySharedGlobal> myGlobal("Hello", 42);
//   return myGlobal;
// }

namespace WTF {

struct AnyThreadsAccessTraits {
    static void assertAccess()
    {
    }
};

struct MainThreadAccessTraits {
    static void assertAccess()
    {
        ASSERT(isMainThread());
    }
};

template<typename T, typename AccessTraits> class NeverDestroyed {
    WTF_MAKE_NONCOPYABLE(NeverDestroyed);
    WTF_FORBID_HEAP_ALLOCATION;
public:

    template<typename... Args> NeverDestroyed(Args&&... args)
    {
        AccessTraits::assertAccess();
        MaybeRelax<T>(new (storagePointer()) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
    }

    NeverDestroyed(NeverDestroyed&& other)
    {
        AccessTraits::assertAccess();
        MaybeRelax<T>(new (storagePointer()) T(WTFMove(*other.storagePointer())));
    }

    operator T&() { return *storagePointer(); }
    T& get() { return *storagePointer(); }

    T* operator->() { return storagePointer(); }

    operator const T&() const { return *storagePointer(); }
    const T& get() const { return *storagePointer(); }

    const T* operator->() const { return storagePointer(); }

private:
    using PointerType = typename std::remove_const<T>::type*;

    PointerType storagePointer() const
    {
        AccessTraits::assertAccess();
        return const_cast<PointerType>(reinterpret_cast<const T*>(&m_storage));
    }

    template<typename PtrType, bool ShouldRelax = std::is_base_of<RefCountedBase, PtrType>::value> struct MaybeRelax {
        explicit MaybeRelax(PtrType*) { }
    };
    template<typename PtrType> struct MaybeRelax<PtrType, true> {
        explicit MaybeRelax(PtrType* ptr) { ptr->relaxAdoptionRequirement(); }
    };

    // FIXME: Investigate whether we should allocate a hunk of virtual memory
    // and hand out chunks of it to NeverDestroyed instead, to reduce fragmentation.
    typename std::aligned_storage<sizeof(T), std::alignment_of<T>::value>::type m_storage;
};

template<typename T, typename AccessTraits = AnyThreadsAccessTraits> NeverDestroyed<T, AccessTraits> makeNeverDestroyed(T&&);

// FIXME: It's messy to have to repeat the whole class just to make this "lazy" version.
// Should revisit clients to see if we really need this, and perhaps use templates to
// share more of the code with the main NeverDestroyed above.
template<typename T, typename AccessTraits> class LazyNeverDestroyed {
    WTF_MAKE_NONCOPYABLE(LazyNeverDestroyed);
    WTF_FORBID_HEAP_ALLOCATION;
public:
    LazyNeverDestroyed() = default;

    template<typename... Args>
    void construct(Args&&... args)
    {
        AccessTraits::assertAccess();
        constructWithoutAccessCheck(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    template<typename... Args>
    void constructWithoutAccessCheck(Args&&... args)
    {
        ASSERT(!m_isConstructed);
#if ASSERT_ENABLED
        m_isConstructed = true;
#endif
        MaybeRelax<T>(new (storagePointerWithoutAccessCheck()) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
    }

    operator T&() { return *storagePointer(); }
    T& get() { return *storagePointer(); }

    T* operator->() { return storagePointer(); }

    operator const T&() const { return *storagePointer(); }
    const T& get() const { return *storagePointer(); }

    const T* operator->() const { return storagePointer(); }

#if ASSERT_ENABLED
    bool isConstructed() const { return m_isConstructed; }
#endif

private:
    using PointerType = typename std::remove_const<T>::type*;

    PointerType storagePointerWithoutAccessCheck() const
    {
        ASSERT(m_isConstructed);
        return const_cast<PointerType>(reinterpret_cast<const T*>(&m_storage));
    }

    PointerType storagePointer() const
    {
        AccessTraits::assertAccess();
        return storagePointerWithoutAccessCheck();
    }

    template<typename PtrType, bool ShouldRelax = std::is_base_of<RefCountedBase, PtrType>::value> struct MaybeRelax {
        explicit MaybeRelax(PtrType*) { }
    };
    template<typename PtrType> struct MaybeRelax<PtrType, true> {
        explicit MaybeRelax(PtrType* ptr) { ptr->relaxAdoptionRequirement(); }
    };

#if ASSERT_ENABLED
    // LazyNeverDestroyed objects are always static, so this variable is initialized to false.
    // It must not be initialized dynamically; that would not be thread safe.
    bool m_isConstructed;
#endif

    // FIXME: Investigate whether we should allocate a hunk of virtual memory
    // and hand out chunks of it to NeverDestroyed instead, to reduce fragmentation.
    typename std::aligned_storage<sizeof(T), std::alignment_of<T>::value>::type m_storage;
};

template<typename T, typename AccessTraits> inline NeverDestroyed<T, AccessTraits> makeNeverDestroyed(T&& argument)
{
    return WTFMove(argument);
}

template<typename T>
using MainThreadNeverDestroyed = NeverDestroyed<T, MainThreadAccessTraits>;

template<typename T>
using MainThreadLazyNeverDestroyed = LazyNeverDestroyed<T, MainThreadAccessTraits>;

} // namespace WTF;

using WTF::LazyNeverDestroyed;
using WTF::NeverDestroyed;
using WTF::makeNeverDestroyed;
using WTF::MainThreadNeverDestroyed;
using WTF::MainThreadLazyNeverDestroyed;
using WTF::AnyThreadsAccessTraits;
using WTF::MainThreadAccessTraits;