Source/WebCore/html/HTMLCanvasElement.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2004-2021 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 * Copyright (C) 2007 Alp Toker <alp@atoker.com>
 * Copyright (C) 2010 Torch Mobile (Beijing) Co. Ltd. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY APPLE INC. ``AS IS'' AND ANY
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL APPLE INC. OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY
 * OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. 
 */

#include "config.h"
#include "HTMLCanvasElement.h"

#include "Blob.h"
#include "BlobCallback.h"
#include "CanvasGradient.h"
#include "CanvasPattern.h"
#include "CanvasRenderingContext2D.h"
#include "CanvasRenderingContext2DSettings.h"
#include "DisplayListDrawingContext.h"
#include "Document.h"
#include "ElementInlines.h"
#include "EventNames.h"
#include "Frame.h"
#include "FrameLoaderClient.h"
#include "GPUBasedCanvasRenderingContext.h"
#include "GeometryUtilities.h"
#include "GraphicsContext.h"
#include "HTMLNames.h"
#include "HTMLParserIdioms.h"
#include "ImageBitmapRenderingContext.h"
#include "ImageBitmapRenderingContextSettings.h"
#include "ImageBuffer.h"
#include "ImageData.h"
#include "InMemoryDisplayList.h"
#include "InspectorInstrumentation.h"
#include "JSDOMConvertDictionary.h"
#include "JSNodeCustom.h"
#include "MIMETypeRegistry.h"
#include "OffscreenCanvas.h"
#include "PlaceholderRenderingContext.h"
#include "RenderElement.h"
#include "RenderHTMLCanvas.h"
#include "ResourceLoadObserver.h"
#include "RuntimeEnabledFeatures.h"
#include "ScriptController.h"
#include "Settings.h"
#include "StringAdaptors.h"
#include "WebCoreOpaqueRoot.h"
#include <JavaScriptCore/JSCInlines.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <wtf/IsoMallocInlines.h>
#include <wtf/RAMSize.h>
#include <wtf/text/StringBuilder.h>

#if ENABLE(MEDIA_STREAM)
#include "CanvasCaptureMediaStreamTrack.h"
#include "MediaStream.h"
#endif

#if ENABLE(WEBGL)
#include "WebGLContextAttributes.h"
#include "WebGLRenderingContext.h"
#endif

#if ENABLE(WEBGL2)
#include "WebGL2RenderingContext.h"
#endif

#if ENABLE(WEBXR)
#include "DOMWindow.h"
#include "Navigator.h"
#include "NavigatorWebXR.h"
#include "WebXRSystem.h"
#endif

#if USE(CG)
#include "ImageBufferUtilitiesCG.h"
#endif

#if USE(GSTREAMER)
#include "VideoFrameGStreamer.h"
#endif

#if PLATFORM(COCOA)
#include "VideoFrameCV.h"
#include <pal/cf/CoreMediaSoftLink.h>
#endif

namespace WebCore {

WTF_MAKE_ISO_ALLOCATED_IMPL(HTMLCanvasElement);

using namespace HTMLNames;

// These values come from the WhatWG/W3C HTML spec.
const int defaultWidth = 300;
const int defaultHeight = 150;

static std::optional<size_t> maxCanvasAreaForTesting;
static std::optional<size_t> maxActivePixelMemoryForTesting;

HTMLCanvasElement::HTMLCanvasElement(const QualifiedName& tagName, Document& document)
    : HTMLElement(tagName, document)
    , CanvasBase(IntSize(defaultWidth, defaultHeight))
    , ActiveDOMObject(document)
{
    ASSERT(hasTagName(canvasTag));
}

Ref<HTMLCanvasElement> HTMLCanvasElement::create(Document& document)
{
    auto canvas = adoptRef(*new HTMLCanvasElement(canvasTag, document));
    canvas->suspendIfNeeded();
    return canvas;
}

Ref<HTMLCanvasElement> HTMLCanvasElement::create(const QualifiedName& tagName, Document& document)
{
    auto canvas = adoptRef(*new HTMLCanvasElement(tagName, document));
    canvas->suspendIfNeeded();
    return canvas;
}

HTMLCanvasElement::~HTMLCanvasElement()
{
    // FIXME: This has to be called here because CSSCanvasValue::CanvasObserverProxy::canvasDestroyed()
    // downcasts the CanvasBase object to HTMLCanvasElement. That invokes virtual methods, which should be
    // avoided in destructors, but works as long as it's done before HTMLCanvasElement destructs completely.
    notifyObserversCanvasDestroyed();
    document().clearCanvasPreparation(*this);

    m_context = nullptr; // Ensure this goes away before the ImageBuffer.
    setImageBuffer(nullptr);
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::parseAttribute(const QualifiedName& name, const AtomString& value)
{
    if (name == widthAttr || name == heightAttr)
        reset();
    HTMLElement::parseAttribute(name, value);
}

RenderPtr<RenderElement> HTMLCanvasElement::createElementRenderer(RenderStyle&& style, const RenderTreePosition& insertionPosition)
{
    RefPtr<Frame> frame = document().frame();
    if (frame && frame->script().canExecuteScripts(NotAboutToExecuteScript))
        return createRenderer<RenderHTMLCanvas>(*this, WTFMove(style));
    return HTMLElement::createElementRenderer(WTFMove(style), insertionPosition);
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::canContainRangeEndPoint() const
{
    return false;
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::canStartSelection() const
{
    return false;
}

ExceptionOr<void> HTMLCanvasElement::setHeight(unsigned value)
{
    if (isControlledByOffscreen())
        return Exception { InvalidStateError };
    setAttributeWithoutSynchronization(heightAttr, AtomString::number(limitToOnlyHTMLNonNegative(value, defaultHeight)));
    return { };
}

ExceptionOr<void> HTMLCanvasElement::setWidth(unsigned value)
{
    if (isControlledByOffscreen())
        return Exception { InvalidStateError };
    setAttributeWithoutSynchronization(widthAttr, AtomString::number(limitToOnlyHTMLNonNegative(value, defaultWidth)));
    return { };
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::setSize(const IntSize& newSize)
{
    if (newSize == size())
        return;

    m_ignoreReset = true;
    setWidth(newSize.width());
    setHeight(newSize.height());
    m_ignoreReset = false;
    reset();
}

size_t HTMLCanvasElement::maxActivePixelMemory()
{
    if (maxActivePixelMemoryForTesting)
        return *maxActivePixelMemoryForTesting;

    static size_t maxPixelMemory;
    static std::once_flag onceFlag;
    std::call_once(onceFlag, [] {
#if PLATFORM(IOS_FAMILY)
        maxPixelMemory = ramSize() / 4;
#else
        maxPixelMemory = std::max(ramSize() / 4, 2151 * MB);
#endif
    });

    return maxPixelMemory;
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::setMaxPixelMemoryForTesting(std::optional<size_t> size)
{
    maxActivePixelMemoryForTesting = size;
}

static inline size_t maxCanvasArea()
{
    if (maxCanvasAreaForTesting)
        return *maxCanvasAreaForTesting;

    // Firefox limits width/height to 32767 pixels, but slows down dramatically before it
    // reaches that limit. We limit by area instead, giving us larger maximum dimensions,
    // in exchange for a smaller maximum canvas size. The maximum canvas size is in device pixels.
#if PLATFORM(IOS_FAMILY)
    return 4096 * 4096;
#else
    return 16384 * 16384;
#endif
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::setMaxCanvasAreaForTesting(std::optional<size_t> size)
{
    maxCanvasAreaForTesting = size;
}

ExceptionOr<std::optional<RenderingContext>> HTMLCanvasElement::getContext(JSC::JSGlobalObject& state, const String& contextId, FixedVector<JSC::Strong<JSC::Unknown>>&& arguments)
{
    if (m_context) {
        if (m_context->isPlaceholder())
            return Exception { InvalidStateError };

        if (m_context->is2d()) {
            if (!is2dType(contextId))
                return std::optional<RenderingContext> { std::nullopt };
            return std::optional<RenderingContext> { RefPtr<CanvasRenderingContext2D> { &downcast<CanvasRenderingContext2D>(*m_context) } };
        }

        if (m_context->isBitmapRenderer()) {
            if (!isBitmapRendererType(contextId))
                return std::optional<RenderingContext> { std::nullopt };
            return std::optional<RenderingContext> { RefPtr<ImageBitmapRenderingContext> { &downcast<ImageBitmapRenderingContext>(*m_context) } };
        }

#if ENABLE(WEBGL)
        if (m_context->isWebGL()) {
            if (!isWebGLType(contextId))
                return std::optional<RenderingContext> { std::nullopt };
            auto version = toWebGLVersion(contextId);
            if ((version == WebGLVersion::WebGL1) != m_context->isWebGL1())
                return std::optional<RenderingContext> { std::nullopt };
            if (is<WebGLRenderingContext>(*m_context))
                return std::optional<RenderingContext> { RefPtr<WebGLRenderingContext> { &downcast<WebGLRenderingContext>(*m_context) } };
#if ENABLE(WEBGL2)
            ASSERT(is<WebGL2RenderingContext>(*m_context));
            return std::optional<RenderingContext> { RefPtr<WebGL2RenderingContext> { &downcast<WebGL2RenderingContext>(*m_context) } };
#endif
        }
#endif

        ASSERT_NOT_REACHED();
        return std::optional<RenderingContext> { std::nullopt };
    }

    if (is2dType(contextId)) {
        auto scope = DECLARE_THROW_SCOPE(state.vm());
        auto settings = convert<IDLDictionary<CanvasRenderingContext2DSettings>>(state, arguments.isEmpty() ? JSC::jsUndefined() : (arguments[0].isObject() ? arguments[0].get() : JSC::jsNull()));
        RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION(scope, Exception { ExistingExceptionError });

        auto context = createContext2d(contextId, WTFMove(settings));
        if (!context)
            return std::optional<RenderingContext> { std::nullopt };
        return std::optional<RenderingContext> { RefPtr<CanvasRenderingContext2D> { context } };
    }

    if (isBitmapRendererType(contextId)) {
        auto scope = DECLARE_THROW_SCOPE(state.vm());
        auto settings = convert<IDLDictionary<ImageBitmapRenderingContextSettings>>(state, arguments.isEmpty() ? JSC::jsUndefined() : (arguments[0].isObject() ? arguments[0].get() : JSC::jsNull()));
        RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION(scope, Exception { ExistingExceptionError });

        auto context = createContextBitmapRenderer(contextId, WTFMove(settings));
        if (!context)
            return std::optional<RenderingContext> { std::nullopt };
        return std::optional<RenderingContext> { RefPtr<ImageBitmapRenderingContext> { context } };
    }

#if ENABLE(WEBGL)
    if (isWebGLType(contextId)) {
        auto scope = DECLARE_THROW_SCOPE(state.vm());
        auto attributes = convert<IDLDictionary<WebGLContextAttributes>>(state, arguments.isEmpty() ? JSC::jsUndefined() : (arguments[0].isObject() ? arguments[0].get() : JSC::jsNull()));
        RETURN_IF_EXCEPTION(scope, Exception { ExistingExceptionError });

        auto context = createContextWebGL(toWebGLVersion(contextId), WTFMove(attributes));
        if (!context)
            return std::optional<RenderingContext> { std::nullopt };

        if (is<WebGLRenderingContext>(*context))
            return std::optional<RenderingContext> { RefPtr<WebGLRenderingContext> { &downcast<WebGLRenderingContext>(*context) } };
#if ENABLE(WEBGL2)
        ASSERT(is<WebGL2RenderingContext>(*context));
        return std::optional<RenderingContext> { RefPtr<WebGL2RenderingContext> { &downcast<WebGL2RenderingContext>(*context) } };
#endif
    }
#endif

    return std::optional<RenderingContext> { std::nullopt };
}

CanvasRenderingContext* HTMLCanvasElement::getContext(const String& type)
{
    if (HTMLCanvasElement::is2dType(type))
        return getContext2d(type, { });

    if (HTMLCanvasElement::isBitmapRendererType(type))
        return getContextBitmapRenderer(type, { });

#if ENABLE(WEBGL)
    if (HTMLCanvasElement::isWebGLType(type))
        return getContextWebGL(HTMLCanvasElement::toWebGLVersion(type));
#endif

    return nullptr;
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::is2dType(const String& type)
{
    return type == "2d"_s;
}

CanvasRenderingContext2D* HTMLCanvasElement::createContext2d(const String& type, CanvasRenderingContext2DSettings&& settings)
{
    ASSERT_UNUSED(HTMLCanvasElement::is2dType(type), type);
    ASSERT(!m_context);

    // Make sure we don't use more pixel memory than the system can support.
    size_t requestedPixelMemory = 4 * width() * height();
    if (activePixelMemory() + requestedPixelMemory > maxActivePixelMemory()) {
        auto message = makeString("Total canvas memory use exceeds the maximum limit (", maxActivePixelMemory() / 1024 / 1024, " MB).");
        document().addConsoleMessage(MessageSource::JS, MessageLevel::Warning, message);
        return nullptr;
    }

    m_context = CanvasRenderingContext2D::create(*this, WTFMove(settings), document().inQuirksMode());

#if USE(IOSURFACE_CANVAS_BACKING_STORE)
    // Need to make sure a RenderLayer and compositing layer get created for the Canvas.
    invalidateStyleAndLayerComposition();
#endif

    return static_cast<CanvasRenderingContext2D*>(m_context.get());
}

CanvasRenderingContext2D* HTMLCanvasElement::getContext2d(const String& type, CanvasRenderingContext2DSettings&& settings)
{
    ASSERT_UNUSED(HTMLCanvasElement::is2dType(type), type);

    if (m_context && !m_context->is2d())
        return nullptr;

    if (!m_context)
        return createContext2d(type, WTFMove(settings));
    return static_cast<CanvasRenderingContext2D*>(m_context.get());
}

#if ENABLE(WEBGL)

static bool requiresAcceleratedCompositingForWebGL()
{
#if PLATFORM(GTK) || PLATFORM(WIN_CAIRO)
    return false;
#else
    return true;
#endif

}
static bool shouldEnableWebGL(const Settings& settings)
{
    if (!settings.webGLEnabled())
        return false;

    if (!requiresAcceleratedCompositingForWebGL())
        return true;

    return settings.acceleratedCompositingEnabled();
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::isWebGLType(const String& type)
{
    // Retain support for the legacy "webkit-3d" name.
    return type == "webgl"_s || type == "experimental-webgl"_s
#if ENABLE(WEBGL2)
        || type == "webgl2"_s
#endif
        || type == "webkit-3d"_s;
}

GraphicsContextGLWebGLVersion HTMLCanvasElement::toWebGLVersion(const String& type)
{
    ASSERT(isWebGLType(type));
#if ENABLE(WEBGL2)
    if (type == "webgl2"_s)
        return WebGLVersion::WebGL2;
#else
    UNUSED_PARAM(type);
#endif
    return WebGLVersion::WebGL1;
}

WebGLRenderingContextBase* HTMLCanvasElement::createContextWebGL(WebGLVersion type, WebGLContextAttributes&& attrs)
{
    ASSERT(!m_context);

    if (!shouldEnableWebGL(document().settings()))
        return nullptr;

#if ENABLE(WEBXR)
    // https://immersive-web.github.io/webxr/#xr-compatible
    if (attrs.xrCompatible) {
        if (auto* window = document().domWindow())
            // FIXME: how to make this sync without blocking the main thread?
            // For reference: https://immersive-web.github.io/webxr/#ref-for-dom-webglcontextattributes-xrcompatible
            NavigatorWebXR::xr(window->navigator()).ensureImmersiveXRDeviceIsSelected([]() { });
    }
#endif

    // TODO(WEBXR): ensure the context is created in a compatible graphics
    // adapter when there is an active immersive device.
    m_context = WebGLRenderingContextBase::create(*this, attrs, type);
    if (m_context) {
        // This new context needs to be observed by the Document, in order
        // for it to be correctly preparedForRendering before it is composited.
        addObserver(document());

        // Need to make sure a RenderLayer and compositing layer get created for the Canvas.
        invalidateStyleAndLayerComposition();
#if ENABLE(WEBXR)
        ASSERT(!attrs.xrCompatible || downcast<WebGLRenderingContextBase>(m_context.get())->isXRCompatible());
#endif
    }

    return downcast<WebGLRenderingContextBase>(m_context.get());
}

WebGLRenderingContextBase* HTMLCanvasElement::getContextWebGL(WebGLVersion type, WebGLContextAttributes&& attrs)
{
    if (!shouldEnableWebGL(document().settings()))
        return nullptr;

    if (m_context) {
        if (!m_context->isWebGL())
            return nullptr;

        if ((type == WebGLVersion::WebGL1) != m_context->isWebGL1())
            return nullptr;
    }

    if (!m_context)
        return createContextWebGL(type, WTFMove(attrs));
    return &downcast<WebGLRenderingContextBase>(*m_context);
}

#endif // ENABLE(WEBGL)

bool HTMLCanvasElement::isBitmapRendererType(const String& type)
{
    return type == "bitmaprenderer"_s;
}

ImageBitmapRenderingContext* HTMLCanvasElement::createContextBitmapRenderer(const String& type, ImageBitmapRenderingContextSettings&& settings)
{
    ASSERT_UNUSED(type, HTMLCanvasElement::isBitmapRendererType(type));
    ASSERT(!m_context);

    m_context = ImageBitmapRenderingContext::create(*this, WTFMove(settings));

#if USE(IOSURFACE_CANVAS_BACKING_STORE)
    // Need to make sure a RenderLayer and compositing layer get created for the Canvas.
    invalidateStyleAndLayerComposition();
#endif

    return static_cast<ImageBitmapRenderingContext*>(m_context.get());
}

ImageBitmapRenderingContext* HTMLCanvasElement::getContextBitmapRenderer(const String& type, ImageBitmapRenderingContextSettings&& settings)
{
    ASSERT_UNUSED(type, HTMLCanvasElement::isBitmapRendererType(type));
    if (!m_context)
        return createContextBitmapRenderer(type, WTFMove(settings));
    return static_cast<ImageBitmapRenderingContext*>(m_context.get());
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::didDraw(const std::optional<FloatRect>& rect)
{
    clearCopiedImage();
    
    if (!rect) {
        notifyObserversCanvasChanged(std::nullopt);
        return;
    }

    auto dirtyRect = rect.value();
    if (auto* renderer = renderBox()) {
        FloatRect destRect;
        if (is<RenderReplaced>(renderer))
            destRect = downcast<RenderReplaced>(renderer)->replacedContentRect();
        else
            destRect = renderer->contentBoxRect();

        // Inflate dirty rect to cover antialiasing on image buffers.
        if (drawingContext() && drawingContext()->shouldAntialias())
            dirtyRect.inflate(1);

        FloatRect r = mapRect(dirtyRect, FloatRect(0, 0, size().width(), size().height()), destRect);
        r.intersect(destRect);

        if (!r.isEmpty())
            renderer->repaintRectangle(enclosingIntRect(r));
    }
    notifyObserversCanvasChanged(dirtyRect);
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::reset()
{
    if (m_ignoreReset || isControlledByOffscreen())
        return;

    bool hadImageBuffer = hasCreatedImageBuffer();

    int w = limitToOnlyHTMLNonNegative(attributeWithoutSynchronization(widthAttr), defaultWidth);
    int h = limitToOnlyHTMLNonNegative(attributeWithoutSynchronization(heightAttr), defaultHeight);

    resetGraphicsContextState();
    if (is<CanvasRenderingContext2D>(m_context))
        downcast<CanvasRenderingContext2D>(*m_context).reset();

    IntSize oldSize = size();
    IntSize newSize(w, h);
    // If the size of an existing buffer matches, we can just clear it instead of reallocating.
    // This optimization is only done for 2D canvases for now.
    if (m_hasCreatedImageBuffer && oldSize == newSize && m_context && m_context->is2d() && buffer() && m_context->colorSpace() == buffer()->colorSpace() && m_context->pixelFormat() == buffer()->pixelFormat()) {
        if (!m_didClearImageBuffer)
            clearImageBuffer();
        return;
    }

    setSurfaceSize(newSize);

    if (isGPUBased() && oldSize != size())
        downcast<GPUBasedCanvasRenderingContext>(*m_context).reshape(width(), height());

    auto renderer = this->renderer();
    if (is<RenderHTMLCanvas>(renderer)) {
        auto& canvasRenderer = downcast<RenderHTMLCanvas>(*renderer);
        if (oldSize != size()) {
            canvasRenderer.canvasSizeChanged();
            if (canvasRenderer.hasAcceleratedCompositing())
                canvasRenderer.contentChanged(CanvasChanged);
        }
        if (hadImageBuffer)
            canvasRenderer.repaint();
    }

    notifyObserversCanvasResized();
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::paintsIntoCanvasBuffer() const
{
    ASSERT(m_context);
#if USE(IOSURFACE_CANVAS_BACKING_STORE)
    if (m_context->is2d() || m_context->isBitmapRenderer())
        return true;
#endif

    if (!m_context->isAccelerated())
        return true;

    if (renderBox() && renderBox()->hasAcceleratedCompositing())
        return false;

    return true;
}

#if PLATFORM(COCOA)
static bool imageDrawingRequiresGuardAgainstUseByPendingLayerTransaction(GraphicsContext& context, const ImageBuffer& imageBuffer)
{
    if (context.renderingMode() != RenderingMode::Accelerated || !context.hasPlatformContext())
        return false;

    if (imageBuffer.renderingMode() != RenderingMode::Accelerated || imageBuffer.context().hasPlatformContext())
        return false;

    return true;
}
#endif

void HTMLCanvasElement::paint(GraphicsContext& context, const LayoutRect& r)
{
    if (m_context)
        m_context->clearAccumulatedDirtyRect();

    if (!context.paintingDisabled()) {
        bool shouldPaint = true;

        if (m_context) {
            shouldPaint = paintsIntoCanvasBuffer() || document().printing() || m_isSnapshotting;
            if (shouldPaint) {
                m_context->prepareForDisplayWithPaint();
                m_context->paintRenderingResultsToCanvas();
            }
        }

        if (shouldPaint) {
            if (hasCreatedImageBuffer()) {
                if (ImageBuffer* imageBuffer = buffer()) {
                    context.drawImageBuffer(*imageBuffer, snappedIntRect(r));
#if PLATFORM(COCOA)
                    m_mustGuardAgainstUseByPendingLayerTransaction |= imageDrawingRequiresGuardAgainstUseByPendingLayerTransaction(context, *imageBuffer);
#endif
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (UNLIKELY(m_context && m_context->hasActiveInspectorCanvasCallTracer()))
        InspectorInstrumentation::didFinishRecordingCanvasFrame(*m_context);
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::isGPUBased() const
{
    return m_context && m_context->isGPUBased();
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::setSurfaceSize(const IntSize& size)
{
    CanvasBase::setSize(size);
    m_hasCreatedImageBuffer = false;
    setImageBuffer(nullptr);
    clearCopiedImage();
}

static String toEncodingMimeType(const String& mimeType)
{
    if (!MIMETypeRegistry::isSupportedImageMIMETypeForEncoding(mimeType))
        return "image/png"_s;
    return mimeType.convertToASCIILowercase();
}

// https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/canvas.html#a-serialisation-of-the-bitmap-as-a-file
static std::optional<double> qualityFromJSValue(JSC::JSValue qualityValue)
{
    if (!qualityValue.isNumber())
        return std::nullopt;

    double qualityNumber = qualityValue.asNumber();
    if (qualityNumber < 0 || qualityNumber > 1)
        return std::nullopt;

    return qualityNumber;
}

ExceptionOr<UncachedString> HTMLCanvasElement::toDataURL(const String& mimeType, JSC::JSValue qualityValue)
{
    if (!originClean())
        return Exception { SecurityError };

    if (size().isEmpty() || !buffer())
        return UncachedString { "data:,"_s };
    if (RuntimeEnabledFeatures::sharedFeatures().webAPIStatisticsEnabled())
        ResourceLoadObserver::shared().logCanvasRead(document());

    auto encodingMIMEType = toEncodingMimeType(mimeType);
    auto quality = qualityFromJSValue(qualityValue);

#if USE(CG)
    // Try to get ImageData first, as that may avoid lossy conversions.
    if (auto imageData = getImageData())
        return UncachedString { dataURL(imageData->pixelBuffer(), encodingMIMEType, quality) };
#endif

    makeRenderingResultsAvailable();

    return UncachedString { buffer()->toDataURL(encodingMIMEType, quality) };
}

ExceptionOr<UncachedString> HTMLCanvasElement::toDataURL(const String& mimeType)
{
    return toDataURL(mimeType, { });
}

ExceptionOr<void> HTMLCanvasElement::toBlob(Ref<BlobCallback>&& callback, const String& mimeType, JSC::JSValue qualityValue)
{
    if (!originClean())
        return Exception { SecurityError };

    if (size().isEmpty() || !buffer()) {
        callback->scheduleCallback(document(), nullptr);
        return { };
    }
    if (RuntimeEnabledFeatures::sharedFeatures().webAPIStatisticsEnabled())
        ResourceLoadObserver::shared().logCanvasRead(document());

    auto encodingMIMEType = toEncodingMimeType(mimeType);
    auto quality = qualityFromJSValue(qualityValue);

#if USE(CG)
    if (auto imageData = getImageData()) {
        RefPtr<Blob> blob;
        Vector<uint8_t> blobData = data(imageData->pixelBuffer(), encodingMIMEType, quality);
        if (!blobData.isEmpty())
            blob = Blob::create(&document(), WTFMove(blobData), encodingMIMEType);
        callback->scheduleCallback(document(), WTFMove(blob));
        return { };
    }
#endif

    makeRenderingResultsAvailable();

    RefPtr<Blob> blob;
    Vector<uint8_t> blobData = buffer()->toData(encodingMIMEType, quality);
    if (!blobData.isEmpty())
        blob = Blob::create(&document(), WTFMove(blobData), encodingMIMEType);
    callback->scheduleCallback(document(), WTFMove(blob));
    return { };
}

#if ENABLE(OFFSCREEN_CANVAS)
ExceptionOr<Ref<OffscreenCanvas>> HTMLCanvasElement::transferControlToOffscreen()
{
    if (m_context)
        return Exception { InvalidStateError };

    m_context = makeUnique<PlaceholderRenderingContext>(*this);
    if (m_context->isAccelerated())
        invalidateStyleAndLayerComposition();

    return OffscreenCanvas::create(document(), *this);
}
#endif

RefPtr<ImageData> HTMLCanvasElement::getImageData()
{
#if ENABLE(WEBGL)
    if (!is<WebGLRenderingContextBase>(m_context))
        return nullptr;

    if (RuntimeEnabledFeatures::sharedFeatures().webAPIStatisticsEnabled())
        ResourceLoadObserver::shared().logCanvasRead(document());

    auto pixelBuffer = downcast<WebGLRenderingContextBase>(*m_context).paintRenderingResultsToPixelBuffer();
    if (!is<ByteArrayPixelBuffer>(pixelBuffer))
        return nullptr;

    return ImageData::create(static_reference_cast<ByteArrayPixelBuffer>(pixelBuffer.releaseNonNull()));
#else
    return nullptr;
#endif
}

#if ENABLE(MEDIA_STREAM)

RefPtr<VideoFrame> HTMLCanvasElement::toVideoFrame()
{
#if PLATFORM(COCOA) || USE(GSTREAMER)
#if ENABLE(WEBGL)
    if (is<WebGLRenderingContextBase>(m_context.get())) {
        if (RuntimeEnabledFeatures::sharedFeatures().webAPIStatisticsEnabled())
            ResourceLoadObserver::shared().logCanvasRead(document());
        return downcast<WebGLRenderingContextBase>(*m_context).paintCompositedResultsToVideoFrame();
    }
#endif
    auto* imageBuffer = buffer();
    if (!imageBuffer)
        return nullptr;
    if (RuntimeEnabledFeatures::sharedFeatures().webAPIStatisticsEnabled())
        ResourceLoadObserver::shared().logCanvasRead(document());

    makeRenderingResultsAvailable();

    // FIXME: This can likely be optimized quite a bit, especially in the cases where
    // the ImageBuffer is backed by GPU memory already and/or is in the GPU process by
    // specializing toVideoFrame() in ImageBufferBackend to not use getPixelBuffer().
    auto pixelBuffer = imageBuffer->getPixelBuffer({ AlphaPremultiplication::Unpremultiplied, PixelFormat::BGRA8, DestinationColorSpace::SRGB() }, { { }, imageBuffer->truncatedLogicalSize() });
    if (!pixelBuffer)
        return nullptr;

#if PLATFORM(COCOA)
    return VideoFrameCV::createFromPixelBuffer(pixelBuffer.releaseNonNull());
#elif USE(GSTREAMER)
    // FIXME: Hardcoding 30fps here is not great. Ideally we should get this from the compositor refresh rate, somehow.
    return VideoFrameGStreamer::createFromPixelBuffer(pixelBuffer.releaseNonNull(), VideoFrameGStreamer::CanvasContentType::Canvas2D, VideoFrameGStreamer::Rotation::None, MediaTime::invalidTime(), { }, 30, false, { });
#endif
#else
    return nullptr;
#endif
}

ExceptionOr<Ref<MediaStream>> HTMLCanvasElement::captureStream(std::optional<double>&& frameRequestRate)
{
    if (!originClean())
        return Exception(SecurityError, "Canvas is tainted"_s);
    if (RuntimeEnabledFeatures::sharedFeatures().webAPIStatisticsEnabled())
        ResourceLoadObserver::shared().logCanvasRead(this->document());

    if (frameRequestRate && frameRequestRate.value() < 0)
        return Exception(NotSupportedError, "frameRequestRate is negative"_s);

    auto track = CanvasCaptureMediaStreamTrack::create(document(), *this, WTFMove(frameRequestRate));
    auto stream = MediaStream::create(document());
    stream->addTrack(track);
    return stream;
}
#endif

SecurityOrigin* HTMLCanvasElement::securityOrigin() const
{
    return &document().securityOrigin();
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::shouldAccelerate(const IntSize& size) const
{
    auto checkedArea = size.area<RecordOverflow>();
    if (checkedArea.hasOverflowed())
        return false;

    return shouldAccelerate(checkedArea.value());
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::shouldAccelerate(unsigned area) const
{
    auto& settings = document().settings();

    if (area > settings.maximumAccelerated2dCanvasSize())
        return false;

#if USE(IOSURFACE_CANVAS_BACKING_STORE)
    return settings.canvasUsesAcceleratedDrawing();
#else
    return false;
#endif
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::setUsesDisplayListDrawing(bool usesDisplayListDrawing)
{
    m_usesDisplayListDrawing = usesDisplayListDrawing;
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::createImageBuffer() const
{
    ASSERT(!hasCreatedImageBuffer());

    m_hasCreatedImageBuffer = true;
    m_didClearImageBuffer = true;

    auto checkedArea = size().area<RecordOverflow>();

    if (checkedArea.hasOverflowed() || checkedArea > maxCanvasArea()) {
        auto message = makeString("Canvas area exceeds the maximum limit (width * height > ", maxCanvasArea(), ").");
        document().addConsoleMessage(MessageSource::JS, MessageLevel::Warning, message);
        return;
    }

    // Make sure we don't use more pixel memory than the system can support.
    auto checkedRequestedPixelMemory = (4 * checkedArea) + activePixelMemory();
    if (checkedRequestedPixelMemory.hasOverflowed() || checkedRequestedPixelMemory > maxActivePixelMemory()) {
        auto message = makeString("Total canvas memory use exceeds the maximum limit (", maxActivePixelMemory() / 1024 / 1024, " MB).");
        document().addConsoleMessage(MessageSource::JS, MessageLevel::Warning, message);
        return;
    }

    unsigned area = checkedArea.value();
    if (!area)
        return;

    auto hostWindow = (document().view() && document().view()->root()) ? document().view()->root()->hostWindow() : nullptr;

    OptionSet<ImageBufferOptions> bufferOptions;
    if (shouldAccelerate(area))
        bufferOptions.add(ImageBufferOptions::Accelerated);
    // FIXME: Add a new setting for DisplayList drawing on canvas.
    if (m_usesDisplayListDrawing.value_or(document().settings().displayListDrawingEnabled()))
        bufferOptions.add(ImageBufferOptions::UseDisplayList);

    auto [colorSpace, pixelFormat] = [&] {
        if (m_context)
            return std::pair { m_context->colorSpace(), m_context->pixelFormat() };
        return std::pair { DestinationColorSpace::SRGB(), PixelFormat::BGRA8 };
    }();

    setImageBuffer(ImageBuffer::create(size(), RenderingPurpose::Canvas, 1, colorSpace, pixelFormat, bufferOptions, { hostWindow }));

#if USE(IOSURFACE_CANVAS_BACKING_STORE)
    if (m_context && m_context->is2d()) {
        // Recalculate compositing requirements if acceleration state changed.
        const_cast<HTMLCanvasElement*>(this)->invalidateStyleAndLayerComposition();
    }
#endif

    if (m_context && buffer() && buffer()->prefersPreparationForDisplay())
        const_cast<HTMLCanvasElement*>(this)->addObserver(document());
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::setImageBufferAndMarkDirty(RefPtr<ImageBuffer>&& buffer)
{
    IntSize oldSize = size();
    m_hasCreatedImageBuffer = true;
    setImageBuffer(WTFMove(buffer));

    if (isControlledByOffscreen() && oldSize != size()) {
        setAttributeWithoutSynchronization(widthAttr, AtomString::number(width()));
        setAttributeWithoutSynchronization(heightAttr, AtomString::number(height()));

        auto renderer = this->renderer();
        if (is<RenderHTMLCanvas>(renderer)) {
            auto& canvasRenderer = downcast<RenderHTMLCanvas>(*renderer);
            canvasRenderer.canvasSizeChanged();
            canvasRenderer.contentChanged(CanvasChanged);
        }

        notifyObserversCanvasResized();
    }

    didDraw(FloatRect(FloatPoint(), size()));
}

Image* HTMLCanvasElement::copiedImage() const
{
    if (!m_copiedImage && buffer()) {
        if (m_context)
            m_context->paintRenderingResultsToCanvas();
        m_copiedImage = buffer()->copyImage(CopyBackingStore, PreserveResolution::Yes);
    }
    return m_copiedImage.get();
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::clearImageBuffer() const
{
    ASSERT(m_hasCreatedImageBuffer);
    ASSERT(!m_didClearImageBuffer);
    ASSERT(m_context);

    m_didClearImageBuffer = true;

    if (is<CanvasRenderingContext2D>(*m_context)) {
        // No need to undo transforms/clip/etc. because we are called right after the context is reset.
        downcast<CanvasRenderingContext2D>(*m_context).clearRect(0, 0, width(), height());
    }
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::clearCopiedImage() const
{
    m_copiedImage = nullptr;
    m_didClearImageBuffer = false;
}

const char* HTMLCanvasElement::activeDOMObjectName() const
{
    return "HTMLCanvasElement";
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::virtualHasPendingActivity() const
{
#if ENABLE(WEBGL)
    if (is<WebGLRenderingContextBase>(m_context)) {
        // WebGL rendering context may fire contextlost / contextchange / contextrestored events at any point.
        return m_hasRelevantWebGLEventListener && !downcast<WebGLRenderingContextBase>(*m_context).isContextUnrecoverablyLost();
    }
#endif

    return false;
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::eventListenersDidChange()
{
#if ENABLE(WEBGL)
    auto& eventNames = WebCore::eventNames();
    m_hasRelevantWebGLEventListener = hasEventListeners(eventNames.webglcontextchangedEvent)
        || hasEventListeners(eventNames.webglcontextlostEvent)
        || hasEventListeners(eventNames.webglcontextrestoredEvent);
#endif
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::didMoveToNewDocument(Document& oldDocument, Document& newDocument)
{
    if (needsPreparationForDisplay()) {
        oldDocument.clearCanvasPreparation(*this);
        removeObserver(oldDocument);
        addObserver(newDocument);
    }

    HTMLElement::didMoveToNewDocument(oldDocument, newDocument);
}

Node::InsertedIntoAncestorResult HTMLCanvasElement::insertedIntoAncestor(InsertionType insertionType, ContainerNode& parentOfInsertedTree)
{
    if (needsPreparationForDisplay() && insertionType.connectedToDocument) {
        auto& document = parentOfInsertedTree.document();
        addObserver(document);
        // Drawing commands may have been issued to the canvas before now, so we need to
        // tell the document if we need preparation.
        if (m_context && m_context->compositingResultsNeedUpdating())
            document.canvasChanged(*this, FloatRect { });
    }

    return HTMLElement::insertedIntoAncestor(insertionType, parentOfInsertedTree);
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::removedFromAncestor(RemovalType removalType, ContainerNode& oldParentOfRemovedTree)
{
    if (needsPreparationForDisplay() && removalType.disconnectedFromDocument) {
        oldParentOfRemovedTree.document().clearCanvasPreparation(*this);
        removeObserver(oldParentOfRemovedTree.document());
    }

    HTMLElement::removedFromAncestor(removalType, oldParentOfRemovedTree);
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::needsPreparationForDisplay()
{
    return m_context && m_context->needsPreparationForDisplay();
}

void HTMLCanvasElement::prepareForDisplay()
{
    ASSERT(needsPreparationForDisplay());

    bool shouldPrepare = true;
#if ENABLE(WEBGL)
    // FIXME: Currently the below prepare skip logic is conservative and applies only to
    // WebGL elements.
    if (is<WebGLRenderingContextBase>(m_context)) {
        // If the canvas is not in the document body, then it won't be
        // composited and thus doesn't need preparation. Unfortunately
        // it can't tell at the time it was added to the list, since it
        // could be inserted or removed from the document body afterwards.
        shouldPrepare = isInTreeScope() || hasDisplayBufferObservers();
    }
#endif
    if (!shouldPrepare)
        return;
    if (m_context)
        m_context->prepareForDisplay();
    notifyObserversCanvasDisplayBufferPrepared();
}

bool HTMLCanvasElement::isControlledByOffscreen() const
{
    return m_context && m_context->isPlaceholder();
}

WebCoreOpaqueRoot root(HTMLCanvasElement* canvas)
{
    return root(static_cast<Node*>(canvas));
}

#if PLATFORM(COCOA)
GraphicsContext* HTMLCanvasElement::drawingContext() const
{
    auto context = CanvasBase::drawingContext();
    if (!context)
        return nullptr;

    if (m_mustGuardAgainstUseByPendingLayerTransaction) {
        if (auto page = document().page()) {
            if (page->isAwaitingLayerTreeTransactionFlush()) {
                if (auto backend = buffer()->backend())
                    backend->ensureNativeImagesHaveCopiedBackingStore();
            }
        }
        m_mustGuardAgainstUseByPendingLayerTransaction = false;
    }

    return context;
}
#endif

}